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Statistical Power for Random Assignment Evaluations of Education Programs

Mathematica Policy Research, Inc

This article examines theoretical and empirical issues related to the statistical power of impact estimates for experimental evaluations of education programs. The author considers designs where random assignment is conducted at the school, classroom, or student level, and employs a unified analytic framework using statistical methods from the literature. Focusing on standardized test scores of elementary school students, this article discusses appropriate precision standards and, for each design, the required number of schools to achieve those standards using empirical values of intraclass correlations, regression R² values, and other parameters. Clustering effects vary by design but are typically large. Thus, large school samples are required for education trials, and many evaluations will only have sufficient power to detect precise impacts for relatively large subgroups of sites.

Key Words: statistical power • experimental designs • evaluations of education programs

This version was published on March 1, 2008

Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, Vol. 33, No. 1, 62-87 (2008)
DOI: 10.3102/1076998607302714


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