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Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics
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Type I Error Rates for Yao’s and James Tests of Equality of Mean Vectors Under VarianceCovariance Heteroscedasticity

James Algina
Kezhen L. Tang

University of Florida

For Yao’s and James’ tests, Type I error rates were estimated for various combinations of the number of variables (p), samplesize ratio (n1: n2), sample-size-to-variables ratio, and degree of heteroscedasticity. These tests are alternatives to Hotelling’s T2 and are intended for use when the variance-covariance matrices are not equal in a study using two independent samples. The performance of Yao’s test was superior to that of James’. Yao’s test had appropriate Type I error rates when p ≥ 10, (n1 + n2)/p ≥ 10, and 1:2 ≤ n1:n2 ≤ 2:1. When (n1 + n2)/p = 20, Yao’s test was robust when n1: n2 was 5:1, 3:1, and 4:1 and p was 2, 6, and 10, respectively.

Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, Vol. 13, No. 3, 281-290 (1988)
DOI: 10.3102/10769986013003281


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