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Minority Contributions to the Sat Score Turnaround: an Example of Simpson’s Paradox

Educational Testing Service

Since 1980 the decline in SAT scores has stopped and the scores have started to creep back up. The scores for white Americans have increased 8 points during this period and 15 points for non-whites. It was thus surprising to discover that the overall mean increased only 7 points. This is not an arithmetic error but rather an example of a well-known statistical phenomenon called Simpson’s Paradox. In this note we explain the paradox and describe a method that will avoid it in the future.

Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, Vol. 11, No. 4, 239-244 (1986)
DOI: 10.3102/10769986011004239


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